There are several analysis methods that can be used to detect the presence of a specific marker in a sample. The main ones are immunological rapid tests, molecular tests and colorimetric rapid tests.
- Immunological rapid tests(immunoassays): these tests will determine the presence of a marker via a biochemical reaction involving immune proteins (antibodies or antigens). There are several types of immunoassays depending on the reaction performed:
- Enzyme immunoassays
- ELISA
- Lateral Flow tests(immunochromatographic).
- Molecular tests: in the case of a molecular test, the reaction is determined by the presence of genetic material specific to the marker sought. There are different types of molecular tests that differ in the technique used. The main ones are:
- PCR tests
- RT-PCR tests
- QF-PCR tests
- Rapid colorimetric test: For colorimetric tests, the result of the reaction is determined by the color obtained. In general, a color is produced identically for a class of compounds. It should be noted, however, that colorimetric tests are an indication of the presence of a compound or class of compounds in a sample, but that they must be confirmed by more specific methods, particularly in the case of forensic medicine.